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- Apple II
- Technical Notes
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- Developer Technical Support
-
-
- Apple IIc
- #2: 40-Column and Double High-Resolution Graphics
-
- Revised by: Matt Deatherage November 1988
- Revised by: Cameron Birse February 1986
-
- This Technical Note describes how to properly handle the 40-column screen
- while using double high-resolution graphics on the Apple IIc.
- _____________________________________________________________________________
-
- Many developers using double high-resolution graphics may wish to use 40-
- column text displays so that the text can be read on a television set. There
- are a couple of possibilities for accomplishing this task:
-
- 1. You can define your own double high-resolution character set with
- any size characters you desire, then plot them on the double high-
- resolution screen.
- 2. You can print text to the Apple IIc text screen and toggle the
- screen on to display it.
-
- Note: There is no way to display 4 lines of 40-column text at the
- bottom of the double high-resolution screen in mixed mode since
- the 80 column hardware must be active while double high-resolution
- mode is being used.
-
- Using the second method outlined above requires some special considerations.
-
- The Apple IIc scroll routine continues to use the window parameters when
- scrolling, but uses the 80COL softswitch to determine if it should scroll the
- 80-column screen or 40-column screen. Since the firmware has initialized a
- 40-column window, the scroll routines will move only the first 40 columns, but
- the 80COL flag has been turned on for double high-resolution. Because of the
- 80COL flag, the scroll routine takes every even column from auxiliary memory
- and every odd column from main memory. As a result, only the first 40 columns
- get scrolled, 20 columns from auxiliary memory and 20 columns from main
- memory.
-
- One solution to the problem is writing your own scroll routines, while another
- is writing to the screen so scrolling is not necessary. There is, however,
- another solution. Turn on the full 80-column mode with PR#3 or equivalent.
- Now print your text to COUT in the normal manner, and do not exceed 40
- characters per line--the 80-column firmware should scroll everything properly.
- When you are ready to display text, send a Control-Q sequence through COUT to
- toggle to 40-columns and send a Control-R sequence to return to double high-
- resolution mode. These control characters toggle the display modes, but leave
- the 80-column firmware active.
-
- When switching between modes, you may experience a momentary glitch. If you
- send the Control-Q sequence to COUT while still in graphics mode, the screen
- will first switch to the normal high-resolution mode before finally switching
- to text mode. If you switch to text mode first, the text will be in 80-column
- mode (with 40 columns displayed on the left of the screen) before ultimately
- switching to 40-column mode). This same potential glitch may occur when
- switching back to double high-resolution mode, and it may be only momentary
- and not present any problems for your application. If, however, it does
- present a problem, you may wish to make your switch coincide with the video's
- vertical blanking interval (see the Apple IIc Technical Reference Manual,
- Second Edition).
-
-
- Further Reference
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- o Apple IIc Technical Reference Manual, Second Edition
-